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2017, 05, No.156 53-62
论海上共同开发监督机制的完善及其在南海的适用
基金项目(Foundation): 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“海上共同开发国际案例与实践研究”(13JZD039)阶段性成果
邮箱(Email):
DOI: 10.16497/j.cnki.1672-335x.2017.05.008
摘要:

监督机制是海上共同开发协定的重要内容之一。依据现有的海上共同开发实践,监督机制可被总结为三种类型:国家双向监督型、国有公司监督型和联合机构监督型。这些类型的监督机制在推进海上共同开发的同时,也存在弊端。国际社会有诸多国际组织参与国际监督的实践,完善监督机制,可以国际组织为视角,在监督模式、决策方式和监督权的行使等方面吸纳国际组织成员,形成新型监督机制。新型监督机制发挥了国际组织的作用与功能,有效弥补了现有监督机制的不足。中国致力于南海共同开发,为新型监督机制的适用创造了契机。中国需全面认识新型监督机制产生的积极影响,并选择合适的国际组织,深化合作与互信,为推进南海共同开发创造有利条件。

Abstract:

Supervision mechanism is oneof the important parts of offshore joint development agreement.According to the existing offshore joint development practices,supervision mechanisms can be summarized into three types:state bidirectional supervision,state-owned company supervision and joint authority supervision.These supervision mechanisms promote offshore joint development,but they have disadvantages.There are many international supervision practices involving international organizations.Offshore joint development supervision mechanism can be improved from the perspective of international organizations by recruiting international organization members in many aspects,such as supervision mode,decision making and power exercise,which ultimately forms the new supervision mechanism.The new supervision mechanism plays the role and functions of international organizations,and effectively makes up the disadvantages of existing supervision mechanisms.China is now committed tothe South China Sea joint development,which provides an opportunity for new supervision mechanism application.China should fully understand the positive impact of the new supervision mechanism,choose suitable international organizations anddeepen cooperation and mutual trust so as to create favorable conditions for South China Sea joint development.

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(1)Annex II to the Treaty between the Kingdom of Norway and the Russian Federation concerning Maritime Delimitation and Cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean,Transboundary Hydrocarbon Deposits,Article 1(11):The obligation of each Party to ensure inspection of hydrocarbon installations located on its continental shelf and hydrocarbon activities carried out thereon in relation to the exploitation of a transboundary deposit,the obligation of each Party to ensure inspectors of the other Party access on request to such installations,and to relevant metering systems on the continental shelf or in the territory of either Party.

(2)The Timor Sea Treaty between the Government of East Timor and he Government of Australia,Article 6(c)i:The Joint Commission shall establish policies and regulations relating to petroleum activities in the JPDA and shall oversee the work of the Designated Authority.Article 18(a):For the purpose of this treaty,Australia and East Timor shall have the right to carry out surveillance activities in the JPDA.(b):Australia and East Timor shall co-operate on and co-ordinate any surveillance activities carried out in accordance with paragraph(a).(c):Australia and East Timor shall exchange information derived from any surveillance activities carried out in accordance with paragraph(a).

(3)Agreement on Management and Cooperation between the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and the Republic of Senegal,signed on October 14,1993.Article 4:The two parties agree to establish an international agency to exploit the Area.

(4)Protocol to the Agreement between the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and the Republic of Senegal Concerning the Organization and Operation of the Management and Cooperation Agency Established by the Agreement of 14October 1993,signed on June 12,1995.Article 9and Article10are about the High Authority.

(5)此项职能借鉴了2012年墨西哥和美国共同开发协定中对监督机制的相关规定。Agreement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States Concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico,Article 18(4):In the event of any disagreement between the Inspectors of the Parties,or the refusal of the Inspector of one Party to take action at the request of the Inspector of the other Party,the matter shall be referred to the Executive Agencies.

(6)The 2007Decision is a comprehensive statement on bilateral surveillance.It is a comprehensive statement on bilateral surveillance.It does not create new obligations for members,but updates,repeals and replaces the 1977Decision on Surveillance Over Exchange Rate Policies.

(7)EITI is Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative.

(8)In addition,Malaysia and Brunei have made further progress in hydrocarbon cooperation since 2008,they announced in August 2015that their NOCs,Petroleum Brunei and Petronas,would jointly develop two oil fields along their maritime boundary.See Emily Meierding,Joint Development in the South China Sea:Exploring the Prospects of Oil and Gas Cooperation between Rivals,Energy Research&Social Science,Vol.24,2017,p.66.

基本信息:

DOI:10.16497/j.cnki.1672-335x.2017.05.008

中图分类号:D993.5

引用信息:

[1]黄文博.论海上共同开发监督机制的完善及其在南海的适用[J],2017,No.156(05):53-62.DOI:10.16497/j.cnki.1672-335x.2017.05.008.

基金信息:

教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“海上共同开发国际案例与实践研究”(13JZD039)阶段性成果

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