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海运是全球粮食供应链的关键环节。自美国推动贸易自由化以来，海运作为粮食国际贸易的主要途径，成为全球粮食安全体系的重要组成部分之一。鉴于粮食的高度战略属性，全球粮食海运呈现出对关键节点的依赖性强、武器化特征明显、发展中国家面临风险更突出等特征。当前，全球粮食海运主要面临地缘政治冲突不断、自然灾害频发、脱碳成本上升、基础设施薄弱、海盗和海上恐怖主义猖獗等挑战。中国作为世界上最主要的粮食进口国之一，对海运的依赖程度较高。为有效应对相关风险与挑战，中国亟须通过加强基础设施建设、依托多边机制推动海洋科技合作、拓展多元化进口来源、提升粮食综合生产能力等举措，以增强粮食国际供应链韧性。
Abstract：Maritime transport plays an important role in the global food supply chain. Since the United States promoted trade liberalization, maritime transport has functioned as the primary vehicle for international food trade and has become a core component in the global food security architecture. Given the strategy of food, global maritime transport of food shows characteristics such as strong dependence on chokepoints, obvious weaponization, and heightened risks faced by developing countries. At present, this system faces a range of challenges, including persistent geopolitical conflicts, frequent natural disasters, rising decarbonization costs, weak infrastructure, and the proliferation of piracy and maritime terrorism. As the world's largest food importer, China is highly dependent on maritime transport. To effectively address these emerging risks and threats, China must adopt comprehensive and targeted strategies to strengthen the resilience of the international food supply chain, which includes strengthening infrastructure construction, promoting marine science and technology cooperation through multilateral mechanisms, expanding diversified import sources, and improving food productivity.
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(1)进口来源比重由笔者根据历年《中国农产品贸易发展报告》整理。
基本信息:
DOI：10.16497/j.cnki.1672-335X.202505004
中图分类号:F316.11;F551
引用信息:
[1]焦玉平,郑执浩.全球粮食海运的关键特征、现实挑战与中国应对[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2025,No.208(05):31-39.DOI:10.16497/j.cnki.1672-335X.202505004.
基金信息:
2024年度国家资助博士后研究人员计划(B档)项目“中国粮食国际供应链面临的风险及应对机制研究”(GZB20240256)