中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版)

北极国家尤其是北冰洋沿岸国家对于北极考察都有较为完备的管理制度,并且通过立法加以保障。立法主旨主要是通过规范和推动北极考察达到提升对北极利用水平的目的。各国一般都设立了统筹各政府部门与北极考察有关工作的主管机构。管理制度的核心主要是对于考察活动的许可制度以及环境影响评价制度。我国在制定极地考察法规的过程中,一方面应当汲取这些制度中的先进经验,另一方面对于其中对外国考察活动的规制应当作出反应。

Arctic countries,particularly Arctic coastal states,have established the complete management system and passed legislation for Arctic research expedition.The purpose of legislation is to promote Arctic research expedition and regulate Arctic research policy.Generally,these countries have established the interagency Arctic research policy mechanism to co-ordinate activities of various government departments.The key to the system is licensing system for the research expedition and environmental impact assessment system.On the one hand,China needs to learn the advanced experience from these systems in the process of making legislation for Chinese Arctic research expedition;on the other hand,China has to formulate the adaptive strategy for these systems.