中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版)

以新质生产力优化经济布局，促进新质生产力在城乡之间多层次布局和多方面协同，对推动城乡要素双向平等交换具有重要意义。通过对城乡要素平等交换的逻辑机理探讨，构建基于新质生产力的城乡要素平等交换机制，并分析在不同城乡梯度差异情况下新质生产力“进城”和“下乡”的路径。研究发现，国家的发展战略决定了城乡要素交换的逻辑起点，也派生了交换主体、要素市场和支撑机制，以及由此衍生的经济制度、政府行为等；新质生产力的拉力大小与城乡差距以及城乡要素交换阻力有关，要素向“乡”的拉力大于要素向“城”的拉力；新质生产力“进城”和“下乡”的路径应根据城乡梯度差异情况进行调整；乡村新质生产力的发展可以提高要素在乡村的边际报酬水平，利用比较优势吸引要素“下乡”。研究结果表明，新质生产力赋能城乡要素平等交换的路径包含从政策起点、传导路径、作用渠道到目标反馈的完整链条，通过构建自发型、内驱型城乡统筹发展方式，推动城乡融合发展，深化要素市场改革，拓展新质生产力发展空间，形成城乡融合发展新格局。

Optimizing the economic layout with new quality productivity, promoting multi-level layout and multi-faceted coordination of new quality productivity between urban and rural areas, is of great significance for promoting the two-way equal exchange of urban and rural factors. By exploring the logical mechanism of equal exchange of urban and rural factors, the article aims to construct an equal exchange mechanism of urban and rural factors based on new quality productivity, and analyze the "going to the city" and "going to the countryside" paths of new quality productivity under different urban-rural gradient differences. The research has found that a country's development strategy determines the logical starting point of urban-rural factor exchange, and also produces exchange subjects, factor markets, and support mechanisms, as well as economic systems and government behaviour. The magnitude of the pulling force of new quality productivity is related to the urban-rural gap and the resistance of urban-rural factor exchange. The pulling force of factors towards the "township" is greater than the pulling force of factors towards the "city". The path of "going to the city" and "going to the countryside" for new quality productivity should be adjusted according to the differences in urban-rural gradients. The development of new quality productivity in rural areas can improve the marginal return level of factors in rural areas and attract factors to "go to the countryside" by utilizing comparative advantages. The research results indicate that the path of empowering equal exchange of urban and rural factors with new quality productivity includes a complete chain from policy starting point, transmission path, action channel to target feedback. By constructing a self-initiated and internally driven urban-rural coordinated development mode, the paper suggests promoting urban-rural integration development, deepening factor market reform, expanding the development space of new quality productivity, and forming a new pattern of urban-rural integration development.