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由全球气候升温所致，北极地区的竞争博弈愈发激烈，原住民现已成为各国竞相争取的重要对象，更新北极战略文件中有关原住民维权的政策则为主要表现手段。在环北极国家中，原住民比例最高的俄罗斯、加拿大与美国三国，均于近几年中更新了原版战略文件，其中有关原住民的内容获得大幅拓展及具体化，相比以往占据了战略核心地位。北极理事会观察员国虽身处北极地区外，但同样选择以修订战略文件的方式对原住民权益表达关注，其突出特征是通过不同角度或优势领域以求将自身塑造为北极地区的贡献者或被需要者。在前述形势下，我国可考虑适时更新原有战略。不仅应拓展相关内容的篇幅并提出更加具体的措施，注重结合原住民的切身需要与我国的优势领域进行切入，同时应关注韩日在相关问题上的动向并于必要时推进共同合作。
Abstract：Due to global warming, the competition among countries in the Arctic region has become increasingly fierce. Arctic indigenous peoples have now become an important target for various countries to win over, and updating the policies on indigenous rights protection in national Arctic strategic documents is the main means. Among the Arctic countries, Russia, Canada and the United States, which have the highest proportion of indigenous peoples, have updated their original strategic documents in recent years. The content of the new documents on indigenous peoples has not only been greatly expanded and specified, but the key change is that the content has gained a strategic core position compared with the past. Although the Arctic Council observer states are located outside the Arctic region, they also express their concern for indigenous rights by revising their strategic documents. Its prominent feature is to try to shape themselves as contributors or needed parties in the Arctic region through different angles or areas of strength. Under the above situation, China may consider updating its original strategy in due course. Not only should the relevant content be expanded and more specific measures be proposed, but attention should also be paid to combining the immediate needs of indigenous peoples with China′s areas of strength, as well as noticing the movements of South Korea and Japan on related issues and promoting joint cooperation when necessary.
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(1)即俄罗斯、美国、加拿大、丹麦、挪威、瑞典、冰岛、芬兰。
(2)例如,在美国2022年新版《北极战略》及白宫网站的情况说明稿中均宣称,北极地区日益加剧的战略竞争与俄乌冲突以及中国加大努力在该地区获得影响力相关。
(3)即育空地区、西北地区、努纳武特地区、纽芬兰和拉布拉多、魁北克和马尼托巴省。
(4)分别为中国、法国、德国、意大利、日本、荷兰、波兰、印度、韩国、新加坡、西班牙、瑞士和英国。
(5)下设的几个子部分依次为:“支持北极地区平衡和负责任的治理”“良性且可持续的资源管理方法”“后极地空间展望”“加强北极研究和学术交流”“重新让法国科学参与北极研究”“领导北冰洋结构化和合作性科学项目”“利用圣皮埃尔和密克隆群岛的科学基础设施”。
基本信息:
DOI：10.16497/j.cnki.1672-335X.202501001
中图分类号:P941.62;D815;D822
引用信息:
[1]李文杰,吴竞超.北极原住民权益维护的新近趋势研究及中国因应——以国家北极战略文件为主要对象[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2025,No.204(01):1-12.DOI:10.16497/j.cnki.1672-335X.202501001.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金青年项目“海上平时军事活动的管辖权问题研究”(20CFX081)